{
 "attribution": "Data: GitHub Innovation Graph (CC0)",
 "columns": [
  {
   "description": "ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code of the economy (GitHub uses EU for the European Union)",
   "name": "economy",
   "type": "string"
  },
  {
   "description": "Data quarter, as YYYY-QN",
   "name": "quarter",
   "type": "string"
  },
  {
   "description": "Place by developers pushing",
   "name": "rank",
   "type": "integer"
  },
  {
   "description": "Repository topic",
   "name": "topic",
   "type": "string"
  },
  {
   "description": "Developers who pushed to repositories with the topic",
   "name": "pushers",
   "type": "integer"
  },
  {
   "description": "Place in the same quarter a year earlier; empty if GitHub didn’t publish the topic then",
   "name": "rank_year_earlier",
   "type": "integer"
  },
  {
   "description": "Developers who pushed to repositories with the topic a year earlier",
   "name": "pushers_year_earlier",
   "type": "integer"
  },
  {
   "description": "pushers / pushers_year_earlier − 1",
   "name": "change",
   "type": "number"
  }
 ],
 "description": "The topics GitHub publishes for each economy in the latest quarter, and a year earlier: those with 100 or more developers pushing.",
 "format_version": 1,
 "licence": "CC0-1.0",
 "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/",
 "quarter": "2026-Q1",
 "release": "054c7dbc527518fa2ecfd316efe2aa01f3986c39",
 "release_date": "2026-07-07T15:25:55Z",
 "rows": [
  {"economy": "DZ", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 1, "topic": "github-config", "pushers": 290, "rank_year_earlier": 2, "pushers_year_earlier": 654, "change": -0.556575},
  {"economy": "DZ", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 2, "topic": "config", "pushers": 280, "rank_year_earlier": 1, "pushers_year_earlier": 655, "change": -0.572519},
  {"economy": "DZ", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 3, "topic": "python", "pushers": 147, "rank_year_earlier": null, "pushers_year_earlier": null, "change": null},
  {"economy": "EG", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 1, "topic": "github-config", "pushers": 1055, "rank_year_earlier": 2, "pushers_year_earlier": 2124, "change": -0.503296},
  {"economy": "EG", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 2, "topic": "config", "pushers": 1036, "rank_year_earlier": 1, "pushers_year_earlier": 2127, "change": -0.512929},
  {"economy": "EG", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 3, "topic": "python", "pushers": 598, "rank_year_earlier": 4, "pushers_year_earlier": 295, "change": 1.027119},
  {"economy": "EG", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 4, "topic": "typescript", "pushers": 417, "rank_year_earlier": 6, "pushers_year_earlier": 234, "change": 0.782051},
  {"economy": "EG", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 5, "topic": "javascript", "pushers": 373, "rank_year_earlier": 3, "pushers_year_earlier": 331, "change": 0.126888},
  {"economy": "EG", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 6, "topic": "react", "pushers": 365, "rank_year_earlier": 7, "pushers_year_earlier": 216, "change": 0.689815},
  {"economy": "EG", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 7, "topic": "nodejs", "pushers": 255, "rank_year_earlier": 9, "pushers_year_earlier": 190, "change": 0.342105},
  {"economy": "EG", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 8, "topic": "ai", "pushers": 254, "rank_year_earlier": null, "pushers_year_earlier": null, "change": null},
  {"economy": "EG", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 9, "topic": "machine-learning", "pushers": 242, "rank_year_earlier": null, "pushers_year_earlier": null, "change": null},
  {"economy": "EG", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 10, "topic": "tailwindcss", "pushers": 233, "rank_year_earlier": 11, "pushers_year_earlier": 173, "change": 0.346821},
  {"economy": "EG", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 11, "topic": "docker", "pushers": 218, "rank_year_earlier": 18, "pushers_year_earlier": 106, "change": 1.056604},
  {"economy": "EG", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 12, "topic": "nextjs", "pushers": 217, "rank_year_earlier": 16, "pushers_year_earlier": 122, "change": 0.778689},
  {"economy": "EG", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 13, "topic": "api", "pushers": 178, "rank_year_earlier": 13, "pushers_year_earlier": 131, "change": 0.358779},
  {"economy": "EG", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 14, "topic": "css", "pushers": 173, "rank_year_earlier": 5, "pushers_year_earlier": 248, "change": -0.302419},
  {"economy": "EG", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 15, "topic": "html", "pushers": 172, "rank_year_earlier": 8, "pushers_year_earlier": 215, "change": -0.2},
  {"economy": "EG", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 16, "topic": "automation", "pushers": 165, "rank_year_earlier": null, "pushers_year_earlier": null, "change": null},
  {"economy": "EG", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 17, "topic": "reactjs", "pushers": 161, "rank_year_earlier": 10, "pushers_year_earlier": 187, "change": -0.139037},
  {"economy": "EG", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 18, "topic": "java", "pushers": 152, "rank_year_earlier": 12, "pushers_year_earlier": 133, "change": 0.142857},
  {"economy": "EG", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 19, "topic": "postgresql", "pushers": 150, "rank_year_earlier": null, "pushers_year_earlier": null, "change": null},
  {"economy": "EG", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 20, "topic": "flutter", "pushers": 147, "rank_year_earlier": null, "pushers_year_earlier": null, "change": null},
  {"economy": "EG", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 21, "topic": "mongodb", "pushers": 143, "rank_year_earlier": 14, "pushers_year_earlier": 125, "change": 0.144},
  {"economy": "EG", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 22, "topic": "data-analysis", "pushers": 131, "rank_year_earlier": null, "pushers_year_earlier": null, "change": null},
  {"economy": "EG", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 23, "topic": "llm", "pushers": 131, "rank_year_earlier": null, "pushers_year_earlier": null, "change": null},
  {"economy": "EG", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 24, "topic": "frontend", "pushers": 126, "rank_year_earlier": null, "pushers_year_earlier": null, "change": null},
  {"economy": "EG", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 25, "topic": "portfolio", "pushers": 125, "rank_year_earlier": null, "pushers_year_earlier": null, "change": null},
  {"economy": "EG", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 26, "topic": "cpp", "pushers": 123, "rank_year_earlier": 17, "pushers_year_earlier": 120, "change": 0.025},
  {"economy": "EG", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 27, "topic": "clean-architecture", "pushers": 122, "rank_year_earlier": null, "pushers_year_earlier": null, "change": null},
  {"economy": "EG", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 28, "topic": "deep-learning", "pushers": 120, "rank_year_earlier": null, "pushers_year_earlier": null, "change": null},
  {"economy": "EG", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 29, "topic": "open-source", "pushers": 118, "rank_year_earlier": null, "pushers_year_earlier": null, "change": null},
  {"economy": "EG", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 30, "topic": "cli", "pushers": 117, "rank_year_earlier": null, "pushers_year_earlier": null, "change": null},
  {"economy": "EG", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 31, "topic": "android", "pushers": 113, "rank_year_earlier": null, "pushers_year_earlier": null, "change": null},
  {"economy": "EG", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 32, "topic": "data-visualization", "pushers": 110, "rank_year_earlier": null, "pushers_year_earlier": null, "change": null},
  {"economy": "EG", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 33, "topic": "rest-api", "pushers": 109, "rank_year_earlier": null, "pushers_year_earlier": null, "change": null},
  {"economy": "EG", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 34, "topic": "csharp", "pushers": 108, "rank_year_earlier": null, "pushers_year_earlier": null, "change": null},
  {"economy": "EG", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 35, "topic": "fastapi", "pushers": 108, "rank_year_earlier": null, "pushers_year_earlier": null, "change": null},
  {"economy": "EG", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 36, "topic": "sql", "pushers": 107, "rank_year_earlier": null, "pushers_year_earlier": null, "change": null},
  {"economy": "EG", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 37, "topic": "vite", "pushers": 107, "rank_year_earlier": null, "pushers_year_earlier": null, "change": null},
  {"economy": "MA", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 1, "topic": "github-config", "pushers": 638, "rank_year_earlier": 1, "pushers_year_earlier": 1280, "change": -0.501563},
  {"economy": "MA", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 2, "topic": "config", "pushers": 616, "rank_year_earlier": 2, "pushers_year_earlier": 1277, "change": -0.517619},
  {"economy": "MA", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 3, "topic": "python", "pushers": 332, "rank_year_earlier": 4, "pushers_year_earlier": 123, "change": 1.699187},
  {"economy": "MA", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 4, "topic": "react", "pushers": 183, "rank_year_earlier": 5, "pushers_year_earlier": 101, "change": 0.811881},
  {"economy": "MA", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 5, "topic": "javascript", "pushers": 167, "rank_year_earlier": 3, "pushers_year_earlier": 137, "change": 0.218978},
  {"economy": "MA", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 6, "topic": "typescript", "pushers": 167, "rank_year_earlier": null, "pushers_year_earlier": null, "change": null},
  {"economy": "MA", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 7, "topic": "ai", "pushers": 150, "rank_year_earlier": null, "pushers_year_earlier": null, "change": null},
  {"economy": "MA", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 8, "topic": "docker", "pushers": 136, "rank_year_earlier": null, "pushers_year_earlier": null, "change": null},
  {"economy": "MA", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 9, "topic": "nextjs", "pushers": 131, "rank_year_earlier": null, "pushers_year_earlier": null, "change": null},
  {"economy": "MA", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 10, "topic": "machine-learning", "pushers": 125, "rank_year_earlier": null, "pushers_year_earlier": null, "change": null},
  {"economy": "MA", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 11, "topic": "java", "pushers": 124, "rank_year_earlier": null, "pushers_year_earlier": null, "change": null},
  {"economy": "MA", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 12, "topic": "tailwindcss", "pushers": 114, "rank_year_earlier": null, "pushers_year_earlier": null, "change": null},
  {"economy": "MA", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 13, "topic": "nodejs", "pushers": 110, "rank_year_earlier": null, "pushers_year_earlier": null, "change": null},
  {"economy": "TN", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 1, "topic": "esprit-school-of-engineering", "pushers": 559, "rank_year_earlier": null, "pushers_year_earlier": null, "change": null},
  {"economy": "TN", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 2, "topic": "academic-project", "pushers": 526, "rank_year_earlier": null, "pushers_year_earlier": null, "change": null},
  {"economy": "TN", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 3, "topic": "2025-2026", "pushers": 427, "rank_year_earlier": null, "pushers_year_earlier": null, "change": null},
  {"economy": "TN", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 4, "topic": "esprit-pidev", "pushers": 406, "rank_year_earlier": null, "pushers_year_earlier": null, "change": null},
  {"economy": "TN", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 5, "topic": "mysql", "pushers": 286, "rank_year_earlier": null, "pushers_year_earlier": null, "change": null},
  {"economy": "TN", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 6, "topic": "github-config", "pushers": 257, "rank_year_earlier": 2, "pushers_year_earlier": 531, "change": -0.516008},
  {"economy": "TN", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 7, "topic": "config", "pushers": 254, "rank_year_earlier": 1, "pushers_year_earlier": 531, "change": -0.521657},
  {"economy": "TN", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 8, "topic": "symfony", "pushers": 229, "rank_year_earlier": null, "pushers_year_earlier": null, "change": null},
  {"economy": "TN", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 9, "topic": "java", "pushers": 218, "rank_year_earlier": null, "pushers_year_earlier": null, "change": null},
  {"economy": "TN", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 10, "topic": "python", "pushers": 190, "rank_year_earlier": null, "pushers_year_earlier": null, "change": null},
  {"economy": "TN", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 11, "topic": "php", "pushers": 170, "rank_year_earlier": null, "pushers_year_earlier": null, "change": null},
  {"economy": "TN", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 12, "topic": "angular", "pushers": 164, "rank_year_earlier": null, "pushers_year_earlier": null, "change": null},
  {"economy": "TN", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 13, "topic": "spring-boot", "pushers": 160, "rank_year_earlier": null, "pushers_year_earlier": null, "change": null},
  {"economy": "TN", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 14, "topic": "javafx", "pushers": 153, "rank_year_earlier": null, "pushers_year_earlier": null, "change": null},
  {"economy": "TN", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 15, "topic": "ai", "pushers": 134, "rank_year_earlier": null, "pushers_year_earlier": null, "change": null},
  {"economy": "TN", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 16, "topic": "docker", "pushers": 123, "rank_year_earlier": null, "pushers_year_earlier": null, "change": null},
  {"economy": "TN", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 17, "topic": "machine-learning", "pushers": 114, "rank_year_earlier": null, "pushers_year_earlier": null, "change": null},
  {"economy": "TN", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 18, "topic": "typescript", "pushers": 112, "rank_year_earlier": null, "pushers_year_earlier": null, "change": null},
  {"economy": "NG", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 1, "topic": "github-config", "pushers": 2160, "rank_year_earlier": 2, "pushers_year_earlier": 5381, "change": -0.598588},
  {"economy": "NG", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 2, "topic": "config", "pushers": 2137, "rank_year_earlier": 1, "pushers_year_earlier": 5386, "change": -0.603231},
  {"economy": "NG", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 3, "topic": "python", "pushers": 448, "rank_year_earlier": 6, "pushers_year_earlier": 230, "change": 0.947826},
  {"economy": "NG", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 4, "topic": "typescript", "pushers": 411, "rank_year_earlier": 4, "pushers_year_earlier": 252, "change": 0.630952},
  {"economy": "NG", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 5, "topic": "react", "pushers": 323, "rank_year_earlier": 5, "pushers_year_earlier": 241, "change": 0.340249},
  {"economy": "NG", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 6, "topic": "nextjs", "pushers": 300, "rank_year_earlier": 9, "pushers_year_earlier": 173, "change": 0.734104},
  {"economy": "NG", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 7, "topic": "javascript", "pushers": 294, "rank_year_earlier": 3, "pushers_year_earlier": 283, "change": 0.038869},
  {"economy": "NG", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 8, "topic": "ai", "pushers": 280, "rank_year_earlier": null, "pushers_year_earlier": null, "change": null},
  {"economy": "NG", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 9, "topic": "tailwindcss", "pushers": 209, "rank_year_earlier": 8, "pushers_year_earlier": 208, "change": 0.004808},
  {"economy": "NG", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 10, "topic": "nodejs", "pushers": 207, "rank_year_earlier": 10, "pushers_year_earlier": 163, "change": 0.269939},
  {"economy": "NG", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 11, "topic": "machine-learning", "pushers": 176, "rank_year_earlier": null, "pushers_year_earlier": null, "change": null},
  {"economy": "NG", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 12, "topic": "postgresql", "pushers": 157, "rank_year_earlier": null, "pushers_year_earlier": null, "change": null},
  {"economy": "NG", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 13, "topic": "docker", "pushers": 155, "rank_year_earlier": null, "pushers_year_earlier": null, "change": null},
  {"economy": "NG", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 14, "topic": "reactjs", "pushers": 154, "rank_year_earlier": 7, "pushers_year_earlier": 226, "change": -0.318584},
  {"economy": "NG", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 15, "topic": "open-source", "pushers": 148, "rank_year_earlier": null, "pushers_year_earlier": null, "change": null},
  {"economy": "NG", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 16, "topic": "portfolio", "pushers": 131, "rank_year_earlier": null, "pushers_year_earlier": null, "change": null},
  {"economy": "NG", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 17, "topic": "api", "pushers": 130, "rank_year_earlier": null, "pushers_year_earlier": null, "change": null},
  {"economy": "NG", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 18, "topic": "automation", "pushers": 125, "rank_year_earlier": null, "pushers_year_earlier": null, "change": null},
  {"economy": "NG", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 19, "topic": "fastapi", "pushers": 110, "rank_year_earlier": null, "pushers_year_earlier": null, "change": null},
  {"economy": "NG", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 20, "topic": "css", "pushers": 108, "rank_year_earlier": 11, "pushers_year_earlier": 132, "change": -0.181818},
  {"economy": "NG", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 21, "topic": "blockchain", "pushers": 105, "rank_year_earlier": null, "pushers_year_earlier": null, "change": null},
  {"economy": "NG", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 22, "topic": "rust", "pushers": 102, "rank_year_earlier": null, "pushers_year_earlier": null, "change": null},
  {"economy": "NG", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 23, "topic": "web3", "pushers": 102, "rank_year_earlier": null, "pushers_year_earlier": null, "change": null},
  {"economy": "KE", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 1, "topic": "github-config", "pushers": 1455, "rank_year_earlier": 2, "pushers_year_earlier": 3595, "change": -0.595271},
  {"economy": "KE", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 2, "topic": "config", "pushers": 1439, "rank_year_earlier": 1, "pushers_year_earlier": 3598, "change": -0.600056},
  {"economy": "KE", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 3, "topic": "python", "pushers": 343, "rank_year_earlier": 4, "pushers_year_earlier": 176, "change": 0.948864},
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  {"economy": "KE", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 5, "topic": "react", "pushers": 191, "rank_year_earlier": 6, "pushers_year_earlier": 146, "change": 0.308219},
  {"economy": "KE", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 6, "topic": "javascript", "pushers": 189, "rank_year_earlier": 3, "pushers_year_earlier": 177, "change": 0.067797},
  {"economy": "KE", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 7, "topic": "nextjs", "pushers": 133, "rank_year_earlier": 9, "pushers_year_earlier": 110, "change": 0.209091},
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  {"economy": "KE", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 9, "topic": "tailwindcss", "pushers": 130, "rank_year_earlier": 7, "pushers_year_earlier": 135, "change": -0.037037},
  {"economy": "KE", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 10, "topic": "machine-learning", "pushers": 128, "rank_year_earlier": null, "pushers_year_earlier": null, "change": null},
  {"economy": "KE", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 11, "topic": "nodejs", "pushers": 128, "rank_year_earlier": null, "pushers_year_earlier": null, "change": null},
  {"economy": "ZA", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 1, "topic": "github-config", "pushers": 816, "rank_year_earlier": 2, "pushers_year_earlier": 1622, "change": -0.496917},
  {"economy": "ZA", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 2, "topic": "config", "pushers": 810, "rank_year_earlier": 1, "pushers_year_earlier": 1622, "change": -0.500617},
  {"economy": "ZA", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 3, "topic": "python", "pushers": 269, "rank_year_earlier": 3, "pushers_year_earlier": 139, "change": 0.935252},
  {"economy": "ZA", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 4, "topic": "javascript", "pushers": 153, "rank_year_earlier": 4, "pushers_year_earlier": 130, "change": 0.176923},
  {"economy": "ZA", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 5, "topic": "typescript", "pushers": 153, "rank_year_earlier": null, "pushers_year_earlier": null, "change": null},
  {"economy": "ZA", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 6, "topic": "react", "pushers": 140, "rank_year_earlier": null, "pushers_year_earlier": null, "change": null},
  {"economy": "ZA", "quarter": "2026-Q1", "rank": 7, "topic": "ai", "pushers": 135, "rank_year_earlier": null, "pushers_year_earlier": null, "change": null}
 ],
 "source": "https://github.com/github/innovationgraph/tree/054c7dbc527518fa2ecfd316efe2aa01f3986c39/data",
 "table": "topics",
 "title": "Topics"
}